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Đoạn mạch song song - Lý thuyết môn Vật lý lớp 9
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Đoạn mạch song song – Lý thuyết môn Vật lý lớp 9

digital@marathon.edu.vn - 18/10/2023

Đoạn mạch song song là phần kiến thức quan trọng và được ứng dụng nhiều trong đời sống hằng ngày. Mời bạn cùng tìm hiểu tất tần tật mọi thứ về đoạn mạch song song qua bài viết dưới đây của Marathon Education.

1. Đoạn mạch song song là gì?

  • Một mạch được xem là mạch song song khi các phần tử điện được nối song song, hoặc đầu của chúng được kết nối đến một điểm chung. Điều này tạo ra nhiều vòng hoặc đường dẫn cho dòng điện chạy qua.

doan-mach-song-song-1

  • Trong hình trên, ta có:

R1, R2: các điện trở trong mạch

U(AB): hiệu điện thế hai đầu đoạn mạch

I1, I2: cường độ dòng điện qua mỗi điện trở

I(AB): cường độ dòng điện qua mạch chính

>> Mời bạn tìm hiểu: Đoạn mạch nối tiếp – Lý thuyết môn Vật lý lớp 9

2. Cường độ dòng điện và hiệu điện thế mạch song song

  • Cường độ dòng điện qua mạch chính bằng tổng cường độ dòng điện của các thành phần điện riêng lẻ có trong mạch điện. Công thức:

doan-mach-song-song-2

  • Trong mạch điện song song, hiệu điện thế sẽ bằng nhau tại mọi thời điểm:

doan-mach-song-song-3

hoc-thu-voi-gv-truong-chuyen

 

 

3. Điện trở tương đương của đoạn mạch mắc song song

  • Khi có một đoạn mạch bao gồm hai điện trở mắc song song, nghịch đảo của điện trở tương đương bằng tổng nghịch đảo của các điện trở riêng lẻ.

doan-mach-song-song-4

  • Cường độ dòng điện qua mỗi điện trở sẽ tỷ lệ nghịch với điện trở đó.

doan-mach-song-song-5

>> Cấu tạo, vai trò và hoạt động của máy biến thế – Vật lý 9

4. Ứng dụng thực tế

Đường dây điện trung thế và cao thế trên không thường không có lớp bảo vệ cách điện. Khi chim đậu lên đường dây điện này, cơ thể chim tạo thành một đường dẫn song song với dây điện giữa hai chân. Bởi vì điện trở của cơ thể chim lớn hơn đáng kể so với điện trở của đoạn dây nên dòng điện chảy qua cơ thể chim rất nhỏ, không gây nguy hiểm cho chim.

5. Bài tập

doan-mach-song-song-6

doan-mach-song-song-7

doan-mach-song-song-8

doan-mach-song-song-9

doan-mach-song-song-10

>> Xem thêm: Máy phát điện xoay chiều là gì? Lý thuyết Vật lý 9

Trên đây là bài viết tổng hợp lý thuyết và bài tập về đoạn mạch được m ắc song song, hy vọng nó sẽ giúp ích cho việc học tập của bạn.


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